This work spans a broad range of legal issues arising inthe American law of international commercial arbitration. A comprehensive project, its scope includes arbitration agreements, the judicial role in the U.S. and abroad, enforcement and preclusive effect of international arbitral awards rendered in the U.S. and abroad, and ICSID Convention arbitration.
Reporter:
George A. Bermann, Columbia University School of Law
Associate Reporters:
Jack J. Coe, Jr., Pepperdine University School of Law
Christopher R. Drahozal, University of Kansas School of Law
Catherine A. Rogers, The Pennsylvania State University, Dickinson School of Law
RESTATEMENT OF THE LAW
THE U.S. LAW OF
INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL AND INVESTOR–STATE ARBITRATION
PROPOSED FINAL DRAFT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Project Status at a Glance xiii
Foreword xvii
Reporters’ Memorandum xxv
Historical Introduction to International Commercial and Investor–State Arbitration 1
Chapter 1
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Introductory Note 9
TOPIC 1
DEFINITIONS
§ 1.1. Definitions 11
TOPIC 2
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF U.S. INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION LAW
§ 1.2. Role of Party Agreement 79
§ 1.3. Consequences of Choice of Arbitral Seat 85
§ 1.4. Requirements for Application of New York and Panama Conventions 90
§ 1.5. Requirements for Application of ICSID Convention 100
TOPIC 3
FEDERAL PREEMPTION OF STATE LAW
§ 1.6. Federal Preemption of State Law Grounds for Declining to
Enforce International Arbitration Agreements 103
§ 1.7. Federal Preemption of State Laws Reallocating Authority from
Arbitral Tribunals to Courts 119
§ 1.8. Preemption of State Law Provisions Permitting Court Involvement
in or Regulating the Conduct of International Arbitral Proceedings 124
§ 1.9. Federal Preemption of State Law Grounds for Post-Award Relief 128
§ 1.10. Federal Preemption of State Law Procedures for Challenging or
Enforcing International Arbitration Agreements and for
Post-Award Relief 138
Chapter 2
ENFORCEMENT OF THE ARBITRATION AGREEMENT
Introductory Note 147
TOPIC 1
GENERAL PROVISIONS
§ 2.1. Actions to Enforce Arbitration Agreement—Generally 149
§ 2.2. Legal Framework Governing Enforcement of Arbitration Agreement 157
§ 2.3. Parties to Arbitration Agreement 160
§ 2.4. Form Requirements for Enforcement of Arbitration Agreement 173
§ 2.5. Reciprocity for Enforcement of Arbitration Agreement 180
§ 2.6. Burden of Proof for Enforcement of Arbitration Agreement 186
§ 2.7. Separability of the Arbitration Agreement 189
§ 2.8. Competence of the Tribunal to Determine its Own Jurisdiction 200
TOPIC 2
DEFENSES TO ENFORCEMENT OF ARBITRATION AGREEMENT
§ 2.9. Defenses to Enforcement of Arbitration Agreement—Generally 212
§ 2.10. Waiver of Defenses to Enforcement of Arbitration Agreement 226
§ 2.11. Effect of Prior Judicial Determination on Issues Relevant to
Enforceability of Arbitration Agreement 231
§ 2.12. Issue Preclusive Effect of Prior Arbitral Award on Issues Relevant
to Enforceability of Arbitration Agreement 238
§ 2.13. Arbitration Agreement Does Not Exist 242
§ 2.14. Arbitration Agreement Null and Void 254
§ 2.15. Matter Beyond Scope of Arbitration Agreement 276
§ 2.16. Subject Matter Not Capable of Resolution by Arbitration 293
§ 2.17. Enforcement of Arbitration Agreement Contrary to Public Policy 305
§ 2.18. Arbitration Agreement Inoperative or Incapable of Performance 313
§ 2.19. Failure of Precondition to Arbitration 327
§ 2.20. Waiver of the Right to Arbitrate 336
§ 2.21. Undue Delay in Commencing Arbitration 347
§ 2.22. Claim and Issue Preclusive Effect of Prior Arbitral Award on the
Enforceability of Arbitration Agreement 354
TOPIC 3
CONDUCT OF PROCEEDINGS TO ENFORCE ARBITRATION AGREEMENT
§ 2.23. Subject Matter Jurisdiction in Action to Enforce Arbitration Agreement 368
§ 2.24. Personal Jurisdiction in Action to Enforce Arbitration Agreement 374
§ 2.25. Sovereign Immunity and Act of State in Action to Enforce
Arbitration Agreement 379
§ 2.26. Forum Non Conveniens and Action to Enforce Arbitration Agreement 382
§ 2.27. Statute of Limitations for Action to Enforce Arbitration Agreement 387
§ 2.28. Procedural Issues in Action to Enforce Arbitration Agreement 391
§ 2.29. Availability of Anti-Suit Injunction in Aid of Arbitration 395
§ 2.30. Availability of Anti-Arbitration Injunction 405
§ 2.31. Appeal from Ruling on Enforcement of Arbitration Agreement 415
CHAPTER 3
THE JUDICIAL ROLE IN CONNECTION WITH THE ARBITRAL PROCEEDING
Introductory Note 423
TOPIC 1
COURT INVOLVEMENT IN INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION
§ 3.1. General Rule of Court Noninvolvement in International
Arbitral Proceedings 425
§ 3.2. Court Appointment and Removal of Arbitrators 428
§ 3.3. Court-Ordered Provisional Relief in Aid of Arbitration 436
§ 3.4. Arbitral Subpoenas 444
§ 3.5. Court-Ordered Production of Evidence in Aid of Arbitration 458
TOPIC 2
MULTIPARTY ARBITRAL PROCEEDINGS
§ 3.6. Consolidation of International Arbitral Proceedings 467
§ 3.7. Joinder and Intervention in International Arbitral Proceedings 471
§ 3.8. Class and Collective Arbitration 473
TOPIC 3
ISSUES ANCILLARY TO THE ARBITRAL PROCEEDING
§ 3.9. Attorney Conduct in International Arbitration 481
§ 3.10. Arbitral Immunity 490
§ 3.11. Confidentiality of International Arbitral Proceedings 497
CHAPTER 4
POST-AWARD RELIEF
Introductory Note 503
TOPIC 1
GENERAL PROVISIONS
§ 4.1. Post-Award Actions—Generally 505
§ 4.2. No Authority to Vacate Foreign Award 520
§ 4.3. Legal Framework Governing Post-Award Relief 524
§ 4.4. Formal Requirements for Post-Award Relief 545
§ 4.5. Reciprocity for Post-Award Relief 553
§ 4.6. Burden of Proof for Post-Award Relief 559
§ 4.7. Standard of Review for Granting Post-Award Relief 563
§ 4.8. Effect of Prior Judicial Determinations on the Availability of
Post-Award Relief 568
TOPIC 2
GROUNDS FOR POST-AWARD RELIEF
§ 4.9. Grounds for Post-Award Relief—Generally 583
SUBTOPIC (A)
CONVENTION AWARDS
§ 4.10. Arbitration Agreement Does Not Exist or Is Invalid 591
§ 4.11. Denial of Notice or Opportunity to Present Case 601
§ 4.12. Award on Matters Beyond the Terms of the Submission to Arbitration 623
§ 4.13 Arbitral Procedure or Composition of Arbitral Tribunal Violates Party
Agreement or Law of the Arbitral Seat 638
§ 4.14. Award Set Aside or Subject to Set-Aside Proceedings 655
§ 4.15. Award Decides Matters Not Capable of Resolution by Arbitration 666
§ 4.16. Post-Award Relief Contrary to Public Policy 680
SUBTOPIC (B)
U.S. CONVENTION AND NON-CONVENTION AWARDS
§ 4.17. Award Procured by Corruption, Fraud, or Undue Means 693
§ 4.18. Evident Partiality by the Arbitrators 699
§ 4.19. Arbitrator Misconduct 705
§ 4.20. Arbitral Tribunal Exceeded Its Powers 712
SUBTOPIC (C)
PARTY MODIFICATION AND WAIVER OF GROUNDS
§ 4.21. Agreements to Expand Grounds for Post-Award Relief 727
§ 4.22. Agreements to Reduce or Eliminate Grounds for Post-Award Relief 732
§ 4.23. Waiver of Objections in Post-Award Actions 738
TOPIC 3
CONDUCT OF POST-AWARD ACTIONS
§ 4.24. Subject Matter Jurisdiction in Post-Award Action 745
§ 4.25. Personal Jurisdiction in Post-Award Action 762
§ 4.26. Sovereign Immunity and Act of State in Post-Award Action 772
§ 4.27. Forum Non Conveniens in Post-Award Action 784
§ 4.28. Proper Plaintiff in Post-Award Action 794
§ 4.29. Proper Defendant in Post-Award Action 797
§ 4.30. Statute of Limitations in Post-Award Action 801
§ 4.31. Procedural Issues in Post-Award Action 812
§ 4.32. Appeal from Ruling in Post-Award Action 818
TOPIC 4
CORRECTION, MODIFICATION, AND REMAND OF AWARDS
§ 4.33. Correction and Modification of Convention Awards
Made in the United States 823
§ 4.34. Remand to the Arbitral Tribunal of Convention Awards
Made in the United States 831
TOPIC 5
PRECLUSIVE EFFECT OF ARBITRAL AWARDS
§ 4.35. Claim Preclusive Effect of Arbitral Award 837
§ 4.36. Issue Preclusive Effect of Arbitral Award 856
CHAPTER 5
INVESTOR–STATE ARBITRATION
Introductory Note 871
TOPIC 1
LAW GOVERNING THE JUDICIAL ROLE IN INVESTOR–STATE ARBITRATION
§ 5.1. Legal Framework Governing the Judicial Role in Investor–State
Arbitration 876
TOPIC 2
ENFORCEMENT OF THE OBLIGATION TO ARBITRATE
§ 5.2. Enforcement of the Arbitration Agreement 890
§ 5.3. Defenses to Enforcement of Agreements to Arbitrate an
Investor–State Dispute 896
TOPIC 3
COURT INVOLVEMENT IN INVESTOR–STATE ARBITRAL PROCEEDINGS
§ 5.4. The Judicial Role in Investor–State Arbitral Proceedings 903
TOPIC 4
POST-AWARD RELIEF IN INVESTOR–STATE ARBITRATION
§ 5.5. Grounds for Post-Award Relief in Connection with
Investor–State Arbitration 916
§ 5.6. The Conduct of Post-Award Actions in Connection with
Investor–State Awards 929
APPENDICES
Appendix A - Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign
Arbitral Awards 951
Appendix B - Inter-American Convention on International Commercial
Arbitration 957
Appendix C - Federal Arbitration Act 961
Appendix D - Convention on the Settlement of Investment
Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States 969
Appendix E - ICSID Convention Implementing Legislation 981
Appendix F - Black Letter of Proposed Final Draft 983
The Proposed Final Draft contains all Chapters of the project: General Provisions; Enforcement of the Arbitration Agreement; The Judicial Role in Connection with the Arbitral Proceeding; Post-Award Relief; and Investor–State Arbitration. The draft was approved by the membership at the 2019 Annual Meeting, subject to the discussion at the Meeting and to the usual editorial prerogative. This material may be cited as representing the Institute’s position until the official text is published.