TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
Status at a Glance .......................................................................... xviii
Foreword ........................................................................................... xix
Reporter's Memorandum ................................................................... xxi
Introduction ........................................................................................... 1
CHAPTER 1
FIRST PRINCIPLES FOR PROCEDURAL FRAMEWORKS
Introductory Note ................................................................................. 19
§ 1.1. Sexual Assault and Misconduct as Threats to Student Safety
and Educational Opportunity ................................................................ 19
§ 1.2. Procedures to be Fair, Impartial, and Respect Basic Tenets of
Due Process ......................................................................................... 23
§ 1.3. Evenhanded Treatment of Complainants and Respondents in
Proceedings .......................................................................................... 28
§ 1.4. Balancing Fairness to Complainants and Respondents ............. 29
§ 1.5. Diversity of Institutions of Higher Education ............................... 30
§ 1.6. Importance of Flexibility .............................................................. 32
§ 1.7. Schools’ Educational Missions ................................................... 35
§ 1.8. Procedures Taken as a Whole ................................................... 37
CHAPTER 2
NOTICE AND CLARITY OF POLICIES; CONSISTENCY OF IMPLEMENTATION; SUPPORT AND INTERIM MEASURES
§ 2.1. Providing Notice of Policies ........................................................ 39
§ 2.2. Consistent Application of Policies ............................................... 40
§ 2.3. Communicating Policies through Multiple Channels ................... 41
§ 2.4. Policies on Interim Measures ...................................................... 43
§ 2.5. Providing Support before any Complaint ..................................... 46
§ 2.6. Providing Support, Accommodation, and Protection ................... 49
§ 2.7. Interim Measures Affecting Only the Complainant ...................... 53
§ 2.8. Interim Measures Agreed to by the Parties ................................. 55
§ 2.9. Nonconsensual Interim Measures ............................................... 57
§ 2.10. Review of Nonconsensual Interim Measures ............................ 64
§ 2.11. Support and Accommodation for Respondents ......................... 67
CHAPTER 3
REPORTING OF SEXUAL ASSAULT AND RELATED MISCONDUCT
§ 3.1. Policies to Encourage Reporting ................................................. 69
§ 3.2. Multiple Ways to Report Sexual Misconduct ............................... 71
§ 3.3. Encouraging Students to Seek Support and Consider
Formally Reporting Sexual Misconduct ................................................. 75
§ 3.4. Respecting Complainants’ Wishes with Respect to
Investigations ......................................................................................... 79
§ 3.5. Internal Reporting Policies ........................................................... 88
§ 3.5a. Confidential Reporting ................................................................ 97
§ 3.5b. Nonconfidential Reporting .......................................................... 98
§ 3.6. Non-Campus Resources and Reporting to Law Enforcement .... 101
CHAPTER 4
INQUIRIES AND INVESTIGATIONS
Introductory Note ................................................................................... 105
§ 4.1. Inquiries to Be Impartial, Fair, and Context-Sensitive .................. 105
§ 4.2. Prompt Evaluation and Presumption of Full Investigation ............ 106
§ 4.3. Evenhanded Treatment of Complainants and Respondents ........ 115
§ 4.4. Presumptive Time Frames for Investigation; Notifications about
Delays ..................................................................................................... 116
§ 4.5. Advance Identification and Training of Investigators ..................... 118
§ 4.6. Investigators’ Responsibilities to Be Set Forth .............................. 127
§ 4.7. Open-Mindedness in Evaluating Credibility ................................... 130
§ 4.8. Regular Training of Investigators ................................................... 132
§ 4.9. Parties’ Opportunities to Comment ................................................ 134
CHAPTER 5
INFORMAL RESOLUTION OF SEXUAL-MISCONDUCT REPORTS AND COMPLAINTS
Introductory Note ....................................................................................... 136
§ 5.1. Definition of “Informal Resolution” ................................................... 136
§ 5.2. Availability of Informal Resolution Processes .................................. 141
§ 5.3. Maintaining Records ........................................................................ 144
§ 5.4. Complainants’ and Potential Complainants’ Requests Not to
Disclose Identities ...................................................................................... 145
§ 5.5. Prompt Response within Reasonable Time Limits ........................... 147
§ 5.6. Evenhandedness in Allowing or Excluding Advisers ......................... 149
§ 5.7. Respecting Complainant Requests for Informal Resolution .............. 151
§ 5.8. Informal Resolution Processes to be Voluntary and Supervised ....... 154
§ 5.9. Wide Range of Informal Resolution Approaches ............................... 160
§ 5.10. Confidentiality of Records and Statements; Preservation of
Record of Informal Resolution ..................................................................... 162
§ 5.11. Options to End Informal Resolution Process and Seek Formal
Resolution .................................................................................................... 164
CHAPTER 6
FORMAL RESOLUTION OF SEXUAL-MISCONDUCT COMPLAINTS
Introductory Note .......................................................................................... 166
§ 6.1. Minimal Due Process Standards ........................................................ 167
§ 6.2. Notice ................................................................................................. 173
§ 6.3. Impartiality .......................................................................................... 179
§ 6.3a. Use of Single Investigator/Resolver .................................................. 193
§ 6.3b. Decisionmakers for Resolving Formal Complaints ............................ 204
§ 6.3c. Challenges for Bias ............................................................................ 206
§ 6.3d. Undergraduates on Hearing Panels ................................................... 208
§ 6.4. Fair Opportunity to Contest the Facts ................................................... 211
§ 6.4a. Processes to Evaluate Witness Credibility .......................................... 214
§ 6.4b. Restrictions on Prior-Sexual-History Evidence .................................... 232
§ 6.4c. Treatment of Respondent’s or Complainant’s Silence ......................... 236
§ 6.4d. Challenges in Testifying About Sexual Matters .................................... 239
§ 6.5. The Role of Advisers for Complainants and Respondents ..................... 245
§ 6.6. Encouraging Cooperation of Witnesses .................................................. 256
§ 6.7. Resolution Based on Evidence Adduced ................................................. 258
§ 6.8. Standard of Proof ..................................................................................... 262
§ 6.9. Expectations Concerning Confidentiality .................................................. 301
§ 6.10. Reasonable Promptness in Resolving Complaints ................................. 304
§ 6.11. Statement of Reasons ............................................................................. 307
§ 6.12. Training of Decisionmakers ..................................................................... 309
CHAPTER 7
SANCTIONS
Introductory Note .................................................................................................. 314
§ 7.1. Proportionality, Fairness, and Appropriateness of Sanctions ...................... 315
§ 7.2. Communication to College and University Communities ............................. 320
§ 7.3. Procedure for Imposing Sanctions ............................................................... 322
§ 7.4. Special Procedures for Imposing Most Severe Sanctions ........................... 325
CHAPTER 8
APPEALS
§ 8.1. Impartiality and Good Cause ........................................................................ 330
§ 8.2. Procedures for Selecting Decisionmakers .................................................... 334
§ 8.3. Appeals Equally Available to Complainants and Respondents ..................... 336
§ 8.4. Single Level of Appeal ................................................................................... 340
§ 8.5. Appeals Distinct from Initial Determinations ................................................... 342
§ 8.6. Written Appellate Decisions ............................................................................ 348
CHAPTER 9
INTEGRITY OF THE PROCESS: CONFIDENTIALITY, DISCLOSURE, MISREPRESENTATION, RETALIATION
Introductory Note ....................................................................................................... 350
§ 9.1. Topics to Address Affecting the Integrity of the Proceedings ........................... 351
§ 9.2. Confidentiality ................................................................................................... 353
§ 9.2a. Confidentiality while Proceedings are Ongoing .............................................. 357
§ 9.2b. Confidentiality once Proceedings are Complete ............................................. 368
§ 9.2c. Enforcing Confidentiality Requirements ........................................................... 374
§ 9.3. Retaliation .......................................................................................................... 377
§ 9.3a. Enforcing Prohibitions on Retaliation ............................................................... 384
§ 9.4. Misrepresentation ............................................................................................... 390
§ 9.5. Informing the Community about the Disciplinary Process ................................... 393
§ 9.5a. Internal Records and Reviews ........................................................................... 397
§ 9.6. Disclosures Concerning Repeat Offenders .......................................................... 398
CHAPTER 10
INTERNAL STUDENT DISCIPLINE AND THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
§ 10.1. Independence of School and Criminal Processes ............................................... 405
§ 10.2. Rebuttable Presumption that School Proceedings Go Forward
Notwithstanding Concurrent Law-Enforcement Activity ................................................... 409
§ 10.3. Evaluating Requests for Delay by Law Enforcement ........................................... 413
§ 10.4. Preserving Parties’ Rights in Criminal Proceedings ............................................. 415
§ 10.5. Informing Students How to Obtain Orders of Protection ...................................... 424
§ 10.6. Cooperation between Schools and Law Enforcement ......................................... 425
Appendix. Black Letter of Tentative Draft No. 1 ..................................................... 430