Principles of the Law,
This project aims to tackle some of the hardest questions, where courts, legislatures, and police are most in need of guidance. This project includes principles on Search and Seizure, Police Encounters, Use of Force, Evidence Gathering, and Police Questioning, among others.
Drafting of this project is completed; preparation of the official text is in progress.
For an in-depth description of this project, please visit the Policing page of the The ALI Adviser.
Project Video
Project Reporter Barry Friedman discusses the project in this short video:
Barry Friedman
New York University School of Law, New York, NY
Brandon L. Garrett
Duke University School of Law, Durham, NC
Rachel A. Harmon
University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville, VA
Tracey L. Meares
Yale Law School, New Haven, CT
Maria Ponomarenko
University of Texas at Austin School of Law, Austin, TX
Christopher Slobogin
Vanderbilt University Law School, Nashville, TN
Christy E. Lopez
Georgetown Law Center, Washington, DC
Art Acevedo
City of Miami Police Department
Hassan Aden
The Aden Group
Scott Bales
Arizona Supreme Court (Retired), Phoenix, AZ
Michael Bosworth
Latham & Watkins LLP
Richard F. Boulware
U.S. District Court, District of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV
Michael R. Bromwich
Steptoe LLP, Washington, DC
Brian Buchner
National Association for Civilian Oversight of Law Enforcement
David Cole
American Civil Liberties Union
Gregg Costa
Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP, Houston, TX
Mariano-Florentino Cuéllar
Carnegie Endowment for Int'l Peace, Menlo Park, CA
Michael A. Davis
Northeastern University
Adrian Diaz
Seattle Police Department
James M. Doyle
Bassil & Budreau
Zachary T. Fardon
United State's Attorney's Office Northern District of Illinois
Andrew Guthrie Ferguson
American University, Washington College of Law, Washington, DC
Kenneth C. Frazier
Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ
George Gascon
Los Angeles District Attorney's Office
Mitchell S. Goldberg
U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
Robert C. Haas
Cambridge Police (formerly)
William C. Hubbard
University of South Carolina School of Law, Columbia, SC
Sherrilyn Ifill
Howard Law School, Washington, DC
Craig Iscoe
Superior Court of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC
Adalberto J. Jordan
U.S. Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit, Miami, FL
Nola Joyce
Philadelphia Police Department (Retired)
Orin S. Kerr
University of California, Berkeley School of Law, Berkeley, CA
Miriam A. Krinsky
Fair and Just Prosecution, Los Angeles, CA
David Kris
Culper Partners LLC
Raymond J. Lohier
U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit, New York, NY
Cynthia Lum
George Mason University
John G. Malcolm
The Heritage Foundation, Washington, DC
Anne M. Milgram
New York University School of Law, New York, NY
Sylvia M. Moir
Marin County Sheriff's Office
Alexandra Natapoff
Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA
Clark M. Neily
CATO Institute
Brittany Packnett
Campaign Zero
Samantha Pailca
Microsoft, Corp.
Brandon del Pozo
Miriam Hospital, Infectious Diseases Department
Sue Rahr
Washington State Criminal Justice Training Commission (Retired)
Charles H. Ramsey
Philadelphia Police Department (Retired)
Henry R. Reeve
Denver District Attorney's Office (Retired), Denver, CO
Norman L. Reimer
Fair Trials
Gary L. Sasso
Carlton Fields P.A., Tampa, FL
Joanna C. Schwartz
University of California, Los Angeles School of Law, Los Angeles, CA
Darpana Sheth
Foundation for Individual Rights in Education (FIRE)
Samuel Sinyangwe
Campaign Zero
Stephen Wm. Smith
Stanford Law School, Center for Internet and Society
Sean Smoot
Illinois Police Benevolent and Protective Association
Christopher Soghoian
Office of Senator Ron Wyden
Darrel Stephens
Major Cities Chiefs Police Association
Geoffrey R. Stone
University of Chicago Law School, Chicago, IL
Seth W. Stoughton
University of South Carolina School of Law, Columbia, SC
Frank Sullivan
Indiana University, Robert H. McKinney School of Law, Indianapolis, IN
J. Scott Thomson
Camden County Police Department (Retired)
Nina Vinik
Project Unloaded
Samuel Walker
University of Nebraska at Omaha
Robert Wasserman
Jensen Hughes
Andrew Weissmann
New York University School of Law
Harlan Yu
Upturn, Inc.
Jim Burch
Police Foundation
Raheemah F. Abdulaleem
Executive Office of the President, Office of Administration, Washington, DC
Raquel E. Aldana
University of California, Davis School of Law, Davis, CA
Ronald J. Allen
Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law, Chicago, IL
Elizabeth A. Andersen
World Justice Project, Washington, DC
James M. Anderson
RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA
José F. Anderson
University of Baltimore School of Law, Baltimore, MD
David J. Aronofsky
The University of Montana (Retired), Missoula, MT
Donald B. Ayer
Mc Lean, VA
Michael F. Aylward
Morrison Mahoney LLP (Retired), Boston, MA
Miriam H. Baer
Brooklyn Law School, Brooklyn, NY
Nannette A. Baker
U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Missouri, Saint Louis, MO
Susan A. Bandes
DePaul University College of Law, Chicago, IL
William W. Barrett
Williams Barrett & Wilkowski, LLP, Greenwood, IN
Debra Lyn Bassett
Southwestern Law School, Sacramento, CA
Mira Baylson
Pennsylvania Department of State, Harrisburg, PA
Stephanos Bibas
U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit, Philadelphia, PA
Ronald G. Blum
Manatt, Phelps & Phillips, LLP, New York, NY
Andrew S. Boutros
Shook, Hardy & Bacon LLP, Chicago, IL
Steven M. Bradford
HNI Corporation, Muscatine, IA
Peter Bray
U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas, Houston, TX
David M. Brodsky
Brodsky ADR LLC, Wainscott, NY
John K. Bush
U.S. Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit, Louisville, KY
Jean-Jacques Cabou
Perkins Coie LLP, Phoenix, AZ
J. William Callison
Holland & Hart LLP, Denver, CO
Elena A. Cappella
Philadelphia, PA
Catherine L. Carpenter
Southwestern Law School, Los Angeles, CA
W. Tucker Carrington
The University of Mississippi School of Law, Oxford, MS
Jenny E. Carroll
Texas A&M University School of Law, Fort Worth, TX
Nicole B. Casarez
University of St. Thomas, Evergreen, CO
Jennifer Marie Chacón
Stanford Law School, Stanford, CA
Henry L. Chambers
University of Richmond School of Law, Richmond, VA
Steven L. Chanenson
Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law, Villanova, PA
Edmond E. Chang
U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois, Chicago, IL
Kami Chavis
William & Mary Law School, Winston Salem, NC
Gabriel J. Chin
University of California, Davis School of Law, Davis, CA
Colm F. Connolly
U.S. District Court, District of Delaware, Wilmington, DE
Thomas L. Cubbage
The Center for American and International Law, Plano, TX
Beverly Winslow Cutler
Alaska Superior Court, Third Judicial District, Palmer, AK
Kelly Dermody
Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP, San Francisco, CA
Albert Diaz
U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit, Charlotte, NC
Bernice Bouie Donald
Burch, Porter & Johnson, PLLC, Memphis, TN
Michael R. Dreeben
U.S.Department of Justice, Washington, DC
Joshua Dressler
The Ohio State University, Moritz College of Law, Columbus, OH
Ronald Eisenberg
Pennsylvania Attorney General's Office, Philadelphia, PA
Ilana H. Eisenstein
DLA Piper US LLP, Philadelphia, PA
J. William Elwin
Novus Law LLC, Chicago, IL
Anne S. Emanuel
Georgia State University College of Law (Retired), Atlanta, GA
Anthony C. Epstein
Superior Court of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC
Amy J. St. Eve
U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit, Chicago, IL
Katie R. Eyer
Rutgers Law School, Camden, NJ
Roger A. Fairfax
Howard University School of Law, Washington, DC
Mary D. Fan
University of Washington School of Law, Seattle, WA
Kimberly Kessler Ferzan
University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School, Philadelphia, PA
Daniel M. Filler
Drexel University Thomas R. Kline School of Law, Philadelphia, PA
Gerald M. Finkel
Finkel Law Firm LLC, Charleston, SC
Matthew L.M. Fletcher
University of Michigan Law School, Ann Arbor, MI
Mary Anne Franks
George Washington University Law School, Washington, DC
Eric M. Freedman
Hofstra University School of Law, Hempstead, NY
Paul L. Friedman
U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, Washington, DC
Kenneth S. Gallant
University of Arkansas at Little Rock, William H. Bowen School of Law (Retired), Sequim, WA
Richard W. Garnett
Notre Dame Law School, Notre Dame, IN
Nicholas L. Georgakopoulos
Indiana University, Robert H. McKinney School of Law, Indianapolis, IN
Jeannie Suk Gersen
Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA
Daniel C. Girard
Girard Sharp LLP, San Francisco, CA
Dorothy J. Glancy
Santa Clara University School of Law, Santa Clara, CA
Christopher S. Gontarz
Lynch & Pine, Newport, RI
Hervé Gouraige
Sills Cummis & Gross P.C., Newark, NJ
Paul J. Van de Graaf
U.S. Attorney's Office, District of Vermont, Burlington, VT
David C. Gray
University of Maryland, Francis King Carey School of Law, Baltimore, MD
Michael Z. Green
Texas A&M University School of Law, Fort Worth, TX
I. Michael Greenberger
University of Maryland, Francis King Carey School of Law, Baltimore, MD
Linda Sheryl Greene
Michigan State University College of Law, East Lansing, MI
Michael Greenwald
Philadelphia, PA
Charles E. Griffin
Butler Snow LLP, Ridgeland, MS
Lisa Kern Griffin
Duke University School of Law, Durham, NC
John J. Grogan
Langer, Grogan & Diver, P.C., Philadelphia, PA
Aya Gruber
University of Southern California, Gould School of Law, Los Angeles, CA
John O. Haley
Washington University School of Law (Retired), Tucson, AZ
Ronald J. Hedges
Ronald J. Hedges LLC, Hackensack, NJ
Ronald K. Henry
Arnold & Porter (Retired), Washington, DC
Christina Michelle Houston
DLA Piper US LLP, Wilmington, DE
Wesley L. Hsu
U.S. District Court, Central District of California, Los Angeles, CA
Edwin E. Huddleson
Washington, DC
Herman N. Johnson
U.S. District Court, Northern District of Alabama, Huntsville, AL
Richard Gibbs Johnson
RGJ LLC, Cleveland, OH
Peter A. Joy
Washington University School of Law, Saint Louis, MO
Andrew W. Jurs
University of the Pacific, McGeorge School of Law, Sacramento, CA
Joshua Karsh
Mehri & Skalet, PLLC, Evanston, IL
Robert R. Keatinge
Holland & Hart LLP, Denver, CO
Orin S. Kerr
University of California, Berkeley School of Law, Berkeley, CA
Cecelia M. Klingele
University of Wisconsin Law School, Madison, WI
Joseph P. Klock
Rasco Klock Perez Nieto, Coral Gables, FL
Michael J. Kramer
Noble Circuit Court, Albion, IN
Cheryl A. Krause
U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit, Philadelphia, PA
Erin C. Lagesen
Oregon Court of Appeals, Salem, OR
Máximo Langer
University of California, Los Angeles School of Law, Los Angeles, CA
Peter F. Langrock
Langrock Sperry & Wool, LLP, Middlebury, VT
William J. Leahy
NYS Office of Indigent Legal Services (Retired), Albany, NY
Peter E. Leckman
Langer, Grogan & Diver, P.C., Philadelphia, PA
Cynthia K. Lee
George Washington University Law School, Washington, DC
Bill Lann Lee
Civil Rights Education and Enforcement Center, Berkeley, CA
Andrew D. Leipold
University of Illinois College of Law, Champaign, IL
Benjamin Lerner
Pennsylvania Court of Common Pleas (Retired), Philadelphia, PA
Wayne A. Logan
Florida State University College of Law, Tallahassee, FL
Margaret Colgate Love
Law Office of Margaret Love, Washington, DC
Houston Putnam Lowry
Ford & Paulekas, LLP, Hartford, CT
Erik Luna
Arizona State University, Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law, Phoenix, AZ
C. Scott Maravilla
U.S. Federal Aviation Administration, Washington, DC
Justin F. Marceau
University of Denver, Sturm College of Law, Denver, CO
Paul Marcus
William & Mary Law School, Williamsburg, VA
David Charles Mason
Missouri Circuit Court, 22nd Judicial Circuit, Saint Louis, MO
Mary Massaron
Plunkett Cooney, P.C., Bloomfield Hills, MI
Alfred D. Mathewson
University of New Mexico School of Law, Albuquerque, NM
James R. Maxeiner
University of Baltimore School of Law (Retired), Bronxville, NY
Jason Mazzone
University of Illinois College of Law, Champaign, IL
David McCord
Drake University Law School, Des Moines, IA
Barbara A. McDermott
Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
Michael H. McGinley
Dechert LLP, Philadelphia, PA
James C. McKay
Office of the Attorney General for the District of Columbia, Washington, DC
Theodore A. McKee
U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit, Philadelphia, PA
Joseph McLaughlin
Sidley Austin LLP (Retired), New York, NY
Benjamin C. McMurray
Utah Federal Defender Office, Salt Lake City, UT
Marjorie A. Meyers
Federal Public Defender's Office, Southern District of Texas, Houston, TX
Darrell A.H. Miller
University of Chicago Law School, Chicago, IL
Natasha Minsker
Minsker Consulting, Sacramento, CA
S. David Mitchell
University of Missouri School of Law, Columbia, MO
Jennifer L. Mnookin
University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
Paul Mogin
Williams & Connolly LLP (Retired), Chevy Chase, MD
Paul W. Mollica
Equip for Equality, Chicago, IL
Kimberly J. Mueller
U.S. District Court, Eastern District of California, Sacramento, CA
Richard L. Neumeier
Morrison Mahoney LLP (Retired), Boston, MA
Michael M. O'Hear
Marquette University Law School, Milwaukee, WI
Wendy L. Patrick
County of San Diego District Attorney's Office, San Diego, CA
David E. Patton
Hecker Fink LLP, New York, NY
Brian J. Paul
Faegre Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, Indianapolis, IN
Mary Margaret Penrose
Texas A&M University School of Law, Fort Worth, TX
Lucian T. Pera
Adams and Reese LLP, Memphis, TN
Kristina Pickering
Supreme Court of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV
W. Michel Pierson
Maryland Circuit Court for Baltimore City, Baltimore, MD
Ellen S. Podgor
Stetson University College of Law, Gulfport, FL
Gerald S. Reamey
St. Mary's University School of Law, San Antonio, TX
Noelle M. Reed
Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP, Houston, TX
Judith Resnik
Yale Law School, New Haven, CT
L. Song Richardson
University of California, Irvine School of Law, Irvine, CA
Sarah E. Ricks
Rutgers Law School, Camden, NJ
Alice Ristroph
Brooklyn Law School, Brooklyn, NY
Ira P. Robbins
American University, Washington College of Law, Bethesda, MD
Julie A. Robinson
U.S. District Court, District of Kansas, Kansas City, KS
Paul H. Robinson
University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School, Philadelphia, PA
Rod J. Rosenstein
King & Spalding LLP, Washington, DC
Jack M. Sabatino
Superior Court of New Jersey, Appellate Division, Trenton, NJ
Janet L. Sanders
Massachusetts Superior Court, Boston, MA
Jon M. Sands
District of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
Lynn Hecht Schafran
Legal Momentum, New York, NY
Richard Henry Seamon
University of Idaho College of Law, Moscow, ID
Matthew R. Segal
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), Boston, MA
Sudha Narayana Setty
City University of New York School of Law, Long Island City, NY
Morris Silberman
Florida Second District Court of Appeal, Tampa, FL
Kenneth W. Simons
University of California, Irvine School of Law, Irvine, CA
Wenona T. Singel
Michigan State University College of Law, East Lansing, MI
David Alan Sklansky
Stanford Law School, Stanford, CA
Duston J. Slinkard
U.S. Attorney's Office, District of Kansas, Topeka, KS
Virginia E. Sloan
Chevy Chase, MD
Jonathan M. Smith
Washington Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights and Urban Affairs, Washington, DC
Carl L. Solomon
Solomon Law Group, Columbia, SC
David A. Sonenshein
Temple University Beasley School of Law, Philadelphia, PA
Arthur B. Spitzer
American Civil Liberties Union of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC
Jeffrey W. Stempel
University of Nevada, Las Vegas, William S. Boyd School of Law, Las Vegas, NV
Karen L. Stevenson
U.S. District Court, Central District of California, Los Angeles, CA
H. Mark Stichel
RKW Law Group, Baltimore, MD
Elizabeth S. Stong
U.S. Bankruptcy Court, Eastern District of New York, Brooklyn, NY
Dean A. Strang
Loyola University Chicago School of Law, Chicago, IL
Guy Miller Struve
Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP (Retired), New York, NY
Frank Sullivan
Indiana University, Robert H. McKinney School of Law, Indianapolis, IN
John S. Summers
Hangley Aronchick Segal Pudlin & Schiller, Philadelphia, PA
Mary Ellen Tabor
Iowa Court of Appeals, Des Moines, IA
Jerome T. Tao
Nevada Court of Appeals, Las Vegas, NV
Ethan V. Torrey
Supreme Court of the United States, Washington, DC
Michael Troncoso
Robbins Geller Rudman & Dowd LLP, San Diego, CA
Michael Vitiello
University of the Pacific, McGeorge School of Law, Sacramento, CA
Frederick William (Bill) Wagner
Wagner McLaughlin, P.A. (Retired), Tampa, FL
Howard M. Wasserman
Florida International University College of Law, Miami, FL
Sarah N. Welling
University of Kentucky, J. David Rosenberg College of Law, Lexington, KY
Nancy A. Welsh
Texas A&M University School of Law, Fort Worth, TX
Ken Wise
Fourteenth Court of Appeals, Houston, TX
Robin E. Wosje
The Justice Management Institute, Arlington, VA
Benjamin C. Zipursky
Fordham University School of Law, New York, NY